Gun, Hunting, And Personal Defense - 1024 Words

Putting rounds down range every time you pull the trigger on your firearm is very important, whether for target shooting, hunting, or personal defense. Equally important to putting rounds down range is the proper maintenance of your firearm. There are many types of firearms in today’s world with some that are more complicated than others in their operation and maintenance. One of the easier firearms to maintain is the Armalite Rifle, Model 15, otherwise known as the AR-15. The basic disassembly, or field striping, of the AR-15, is universal regardless of who the manufacture is or how the gas system is set up. You will only need a clear work surface, a beach towel or similar item, and a number 2 punch to complete the disassembly process.†¦show more content†¦Place your towel flat on your work surface before proceeding (this is to help prevent oil, grease, powder residue, and your firearm from damaging the work surface). The first step in disassembly after making the we apon clear and safe is to separate the upper receiver group from the lower receiver group. Locate the takedown pin, which is located just above the safety, and the pivot pin, which is located at the front of the lower receiver. With your number 2 punch depress the takedown pin from the left side. You should feel a noticeable click when the takedown pin overcomes the force of the takedown pin detent. Repeat for the pivot pin, being careful not to push the pin all the way through the receiver. The takedown pin and pivot pins should now be partially extended on the right side of the lower receiver. Lay the firearm on its left side so it lies flat on your work surface. Grasp the takedown pin from the right side and pull till it fully extends out the right side of the receiver. Again, you should feel a noticeable click when the detent pin engages the takedown pin at the fully extended position. Now repeat by grasping and pulling the pivot pin till it fully extends out the right side of t he receiver. Next, while holding the lower receiver group, grasp the upper receiver group and slide it clear of the lower receiver group. At this point the lower receiver group disassembly is complete, so sit it to one sideShow MoreRelatedThe Freedom And Freedom Of The United States Of America1603 Words   |  7 Pagesdefended by our courageous, gun wielding soldiers. Currently, in this turbulent time of politics in our nation, many of our rights and privileges are being aimed at for attack and infringement. In this case, particularly, it is the American citizen s right to bear arms. This right must be protected and preserved for the sake of the people of America and the country itself. U.S. citizens should be allowed to bear arms because they are an incredibly useful tool for self-defense, the second amendmentRead MoreDifferent Gun Laws Around the World Essay984 Words   |  4 PagesFirearm laws and polices are different around the world. For example, some countries such as t he United Kingdom, South Korea, Germany, and China have strict limits on gun possession, while others, like Switzerland, the Czech Republic, and the United States, allow larger access, while countries like Canada, and Finland are somewhere in the middle. Most countries hold the power to protect themselves, others, and police their own territory. However, this power can be taken away under unpredictableRead MoreShould Gun Control Be Banned?1191 Words   |  5 Pagessafety and opinions from people who either support or oppose gun control. With all the recent terrorist activity and violence, many people feel uneasy about the idea of others owning firearms. 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Gun control is a tricky topic and has the nation somewhat split both ways on it. 62% think that there is little concern for firearm restriction, while 33% say there is a need to worry about it, and the other 5% are indifferentRead More America Needs Some Gun Control Essay1552 Words   |  7 Pages Gun control is the effort to restrict or limit the possession and use of guns. The gun control debate may be one of the most important issues in our society. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 2008 that the 2nd Amendment restrains the government’s ability to ban handguns. Some politicians are passionate about gun control and make voting decisions based upon on this issue alone; hence, the people we elect into office directly affect our lives. A few republican politicians have a strongRead MoreGun Control Of The United States1166 Words   |  5 PagesSince America’s birth, guns have played a large part in it’s society. Citizens of the United States have used firearms to protect the land they love, and their families. They even use them for engaging activities such as hunting and sport. Though firearms may seem to have a commonplace in society, weighing the rights and liberties of citizens against the safety and welfare of the public has always been a delicate process. In the United States, gun control is a of heated issue that has two sides.Read MoreTaking a Look at Gun Control1263 Words   |  5 PagesGun control is one of the most controversial topics in our country. There are two main views. The first is the view as it is said in the United States Constitution, they guns should be legal for civilian ownership. The second view, and the severity of its enforcement varies from person to person, it that gun control should be enacted . This could just mean smaller magazines, to no semi-automatic guns, or even to a complete ban. The founding father’s view is basically what is still used todayRead MoreIn Recent Years, We Have Seen An Increase In Mass Shootings1638 Words   |  7 Pagesmore gun laws be enacted?† Firearms are rooted deep our country’s history; our founding fathers having fought the revolutionary war for our freedom recognized the importance of guns to citizens. Adding it as a fundamental right in the constitution as the second amendment. Stating that A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. In this essay, I will be making the case for why stricter gun lawsRead MoreThe Case Of Statled Amendments In The State Of Colorado1157 Words   |  5 Pagesproperty owned or controlled by her. A permit is needed by all qualified citizens in Colorado to lawfully possess any firearm. State Constitutional Provision. The state gun law was established by the state constitutional provision Article 11, Section 13 which states that â€Å"the right of no person to keep and bear arms in defense of his home, person and property, or in aid of civil power when thereto legally summoned, shall be called in question; but nothing herein contained shall be constructed toRead MorePersuasive Essay On Bear Arms1201 Words   |  5 PagesDuring that time, there were no public safety systems, like the police, and there were no automatic weapons available. From a personal protection angle, people own guns for self-defense, is impractical and glamorized. There is no reason for a person who lives in the suburbs to have a semi or fully automatic rifle or multiple weapons. Even if the arguement is for hunting for example, you should not need an semi or fully automatic rifle. People who live off the grid or need to hunt for food to live

Problem Solving And Decision Making - 3730 Words

Problem solving Decision making in Industrial Management Table of content Content page no Abstract Introduction Problem solving Problem solving framework †¢ Problem identification †¢ Problem verification †¢ Problem definition Root cause analysis Aalternative generation Evaluation of alternatives Implementation Post-implementation review Institutionalization and control Decision making Steps involve in decision making Example of problem solving Conclusion References Abstract: Today, problem solving is no longer an exclusive responsibility of those occupying the executive Suite. As new and complex business challenges become further, everyone in the organization isaccountable of solving workplace problems. Problem solving and decision making in an organization contain many elements. Effective problem solvers identify the value of structurally controlled problem-solving methods to promote discipline and increase the chance for achievement. Problems must initially be defined before an investigation of the causes can begin. This paper mainly describes the importance of problem solving and decision making for an organization and how to resolve them. It also discusses about steps in problem solving and decision making, nature of difficulties in modern work places, developing and estimating alternative solutions. Introduction: Problem solving and decision-making are important skills for any company.Show MoreRelatedProblem Solving And Decision Making1492 Words   |  6 Pages602: Problem Solving and Decision Making Assessment 1 PART A. Section I. Question 1. Information that Luke needs: Train schedule Weather Knowledge of the meeting place Conflict in using the bathroom (if sharing with someone else in a flat) Possible delays like traffic caused by road constructions or accidents 1.1. A problem is a question or situation looking for a concept or a solution. 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Entrepreneurship of Woolworths Ltd

Question: Discuss about theEntrepreneurship of Woolworths Ltd. Answer: Introduction: This assignment consists of analyzing the different principles and concepts related to Entrepreneurship. The researcher has chosen Woolworths Limited to conduct this report. The assessment includes acquiring the business of Woolworths Ltd and providing adequate leadership qualities to sustain it. The concepts of entrepreneurship and the role of entrepreneur in setting up an organization are concluded in this report respectively (Drucker 2014). Entrepreneurship is the art of setting up an organization individually rather than working for someone else. A successful entrepreneur is an individual who is able to bear the risk of starting a new venture. An Entrepreneur takes all the decisions of the organization; he/she is responsible for all the risk associated with the business (Drucker 2014). An entrepreneur is typically a Sole Proprietor, an active Partner and the person who generally holds most number of shares in a business venture. To become a successful entrepreneur a person needs to have these qualities such as ample amount of confidence, open minded in nature, competitive personality, creativity in work, strong determination, and ability to handle pressure, strong work ethic and passion for business (Grimes et al. 2013). To start a new business these qualities are necessary to be performed simultaneously to provide efficiency and increasing the growth of the business. In this assessment, the researcher has acquired Woo lworths Ltd business and provided adequate solutions to develop it by using strong entrepreneurship skills and concepts (Grimes et al. 2013). Industry Description: Woolworths Ltd is a major retail company of Australia; the company consists of huge revenue and profit growth. In this report, the researcher has selected the retail industry of Australia because the retail industry has great diversification such as the size of business is large, healthy amount of competition in the market and huge opportunities prevailing in the market towards growth an expansion (Drucker 2014). Retailers do not only sell goods to their customer but also assists them in buying and suggesting new product offerings. The diversification of retail industry is huge such as large departmental stores. Woolworths is one of the strong brands of supermarkets in Australia and by acquiring it, the researcher will be able to gain most of the market share in Australia. The primary market will consist of the domestic market of Australia and it surroundings states. The retail industry consists of selling consumer goods and services to various customer through numerous logistical ch annels (Frese and Gielnik 2014). Necessities in Becoming an Entrepreneur: There are very few people in the world that may really become a successful Entrepreneur but if a person has the passion of becoming one, he/she can achieve it effectively (Carland and Carland 2015). There are various reasons why a person should become an entrepreneur and they are as follows: Huge Opportunity: When a person works in an office, he/she has to work for 8-9 long hours and the person has to follow the same routine everyday and have to work under a boss. However, in the case of entrepreneurship there is a large opportunity of doing work on own freedom and taking all the decisions by himself. In this case, of entrepreneurs time is not the factor it is all about the motivation towards setting up an organization (Carland and Carland 2015). Autonomy: There is huge scope of independence in Entrepreneurship that generally lacks in official jobs. The corporate culture is very dissatisfying and it is very difficult to sustain it in the end. Whereas by acquiring Woolworths retail chain, it will be beneficial in creating a huge growth in the market and being an entrepreneur there are high scope of developing the business as it is facing severe competition (Gupta, Chiles and McMullen 2016). Responsibility towards Society: One of the major qualities of an entrepreneur is the measure he/she takes towards developing and sustaining the society. Not only the macro level but also initiating efficiency in the micro level of the business environment (Gupta, Chiles and McMullen 2016). However, the reason behind acquisition of Woolworths Ltd is to develop the industry and provide maximum customer satisfaction with increasing level of services to them. Huge Profit Possibilities: The main objective of being a successful entrepreneur is to increase the earning potential of an individual. In a corporate job, the earning potential is restricted; a person may receive promotions and hike in the salary but in the case of entrepreneurship the possibility to earn huge profits are available by venturing in the right business and efficiency in the business operations (Frese and Gielnik 2014). Control: The main objective behind becoming an entrepreneur is the essence of security, which is resulting from being able to control the work. By acquiring Woolworths Ltd, the entrepreneur will be able to control the outcome of the business, take appropriate decision regarding the structure of the organization and provide adequate measure to tackle all the business risks (Frese and Gielnik 2014). Innovation: Entrepreneurs are known as innovators as they often produce new products and services in the society. Innovation is an art, which is performed by successful entrepreneur in creating outstanding product differentiation and provides competitive advantage in the market. Woolworths Ltd is a good brand of supermarket retail organization but there are few drawbacks as there is a lack of effective services in the organization. Therefore, by purchasing it and with proper entrepreneurship qualities and innovation of products and service Woolworths market worth will be increased (Weaver et al. 2012). Corporate Culture: By becoming an Entrepreneur, an individual is able to create its own corporate culture according to his/her beliefs and character. The development of good working environment is solely depended in the hands of the Entrepreneur. With the acquisition of Woolworths Ltd, the entrepreneur will create a new corporate culture and new policies and procedures to regulate the organization more effectively and provide employee satisfaction (Weaver et al. 2012). Legacy: The entrepreneur is always responsible for making a brand famous and with proper brand image and goodwill of the brand creates an appealing legacy for the innovator. The use of effective technology and internet there is a big possibility of growing the market of Woolworths Ltd in Australia, and with proper leadership qualities of the entrepreneur the business will have a great impact on the coming generation and sound legacy of the firm (Carland et al. 2015). Urging of Passion: Entrepreneurship is all about fulfilling individual passion. For example, a corporate worker he/she does the type of work that the company offers them to do but in the case of entrepreneurship, an individual can choose the field of their choice and pursue their goals simultaneously. Entrepreneurship leads towards promotion of creative thinking and provide an individual to accomplish his/her goals effectively (Bailey et al. 2015). Analysis Based Consideration of the Positioning of Products Services in the market: Positioning of products and services consideration solely rely on the potential of the product and the services in the market (Arli et al. 2013). Woolworths has emerged out as one of the biggest retailers in the Australian market, which is occupying a dominant position in the market with retail stores comprising of grocery items, liquor, petrol, general goods, consumer electronics etc. Since its incorporation in 1924, Woolworths is continually growing as a giant brand (Bailey et al. 2015). The Company has 3,000 stores approximately with 965 supermarkets in Australia and New Zealand. The kind of dominance, which the Woolworths have in the Australian market, it has the potential to bring cheers on those faces who wish to acquire the Company to achieve the entrepreneurship (Keith 2012). The Company conducts its business through five business divisions. Retail liquor outlets and petrol outlets, the supermarket division, general merchandise division, which operates through BIG W discount stores, hotels division, which encompasses on liquor sales (Mialon et al. 2016). It operates as the parent company of The Warehouse Group Limited, which is one of the largest department stores in Australia (Wang 2015). In recent time, there is a slight fall in the market share of the Company whereas Aldis market share is on a rise (Mialon et al. 2016). As per a new research conducted by Roy Morgan, the market share of Woolworths has fallen to 37.3%, while the market share of Aldis is on a rise and has risen to 12.1%. However, Woolworths continuously enjoying their lion share in the market, customers thronging to Aldis have increased (Keith 2012). The story clearly tells that Woolworths is struggling to maintain the same dominance in Australia in course of achieving a high market profit, it lost on the budgetary part of products. Moreover, this is where it has given an uncalculated space to its rivals such as Aldi, Coles and Costco. Woolworths is struggling to compete against Coles, as the purchase rate is being challenged (Mialon et al. 2016). The analysis of the market picture makes it clear that to successfully resourcing of the business, it demands a proper market study (Mialon et al. 2016). The dominance is challenged but is alive and that gives the learner, a sufficient space to prosper, riding on the success of the Company. The products and the business need no introduction, only the proper coping with the customers requirement is sufficient (Smallbusiness.chron.com, 2016). Business Resourcing Options: Business resourcing is a method by which an enterprise or business is undertaken to achieve a preferred outcome. There could be various options to resource a business by acquiring a giant leader such as Woolworths. These resources help in further flourishing of the existing relationships with all the stakeholders expectations (Bailey et al. 2015). Moreover, a business resourcing options include the followings that help in successfully relaunching of the business in the market with the acquired brand (Smallbusiness.chron.com, 2016). Financial Resources: The most important of all to start a business is the availability of the sufficient funding. The acquiring of such a giant business leader Woolworths and then implementing the entrepreneurship principles is a long process and needs a proper care with the funding (Bailey et al. 2015). To overcome the current loophole in Woolworths, Which are responsible for a continuous share fall, require proper analyzing of the market then doing correct market promotion. Market promotional events incur a huge amount, it goes on piling once the requirement, and the expectations of customers are identified (Bailey et al. 2015). Human Resources: The success of a business depends highly on its quality employees, which can use their expertise to their potential to resurrect some of the lost plot of Woolworths with different identification brought by some other company acquiring the Woolworths business (Bailey et al. 2015). These human resources have the responsibility to identify the sheer class employee and then select those once the eligibility criteria meet. A bunch of experienced employees those have innovative thoughts and love experimenting with their ideas needs their employment in the company (Motley Fool Australia, 2016). There can be various ways to hire new employees and this includes direct walk-in or a referral process, which include the participation of the existing employees (Bailey et al. 2015). Moreover, those existing employees whose judgments are respected need to participate in the referral process. Physical Resources: Physical resources are all tangible resources of the company that includes manufacturing equipment and official machineries. It also includes land, labour and people. Physical resources are also very important for an entrepreneur to launch the business after acquiring a giant leader such as Woolworths. The expansion of the business after acquiring a business requires huge marketing stuffs such as marketing materials for the market promotion (Bailey et al. 2015). Educational Resources: Educational resources consist of gathering proper knowledge about the market and competitors before entering into the market. Education is probably the best, which can help an entrepreneur to launch its business after acquiring the business of a giant leader such as Woolworths (Bailey et al. 2015). An entrepreneur needs to have a proper analysis of the market and the requirement of customers, what other has missed on this (Budisantoso, Wickramasinghe and Teoh 2014). Woolworths is still a giant leader but a continuous drop in the market share has attracted the learner to acquire its business and promote this with new added features. Emotional Resources: Starting up an acquired business requires a bunch of such people who can stand by the management and fill them with inspirations in a situation when they are demoralized (Bailey et al. 2015). A time comes when things do not turn up to the expectations, people tend to lose hope and get nervous. However, a good entrepreneur has all the capabilities to overcome the situation but still, it is a human instinct, which require someone to console and motivate for the challenge (Bailey et al. 2015). Launching some newly, added concepts with the existing concepts of the Company require serious patience from the entrepreneur to stay undetected in any sort of situation. Recommendation: The first point of recommendation revolves around the proper study of the market. It consists of customers requirement and the current market shares of the competitors. Proper analysis of the market competition and the point of attraction in its competitors for the customers need a broader study. The second point of attraction is about proper handling of the employees to give it a dimensional move. Moreover, successful entrepreneurs do possess this quality and utilizes this to the fullest of benefit. The third point of attraction speaks about the flexibility as it holds a significant importance with this. Woolworths for an example continually focused on their profit margin and did not compromise with the customers requirement. It is because of the fact that the Woolworths faced strong challenge from the comparatively cheap product manufacturer company Costco. Conclusion: Entrepreneurship is all about starting something new and achieving success in them. In this assignment, the researcher has acquired the business of Woolworths Ltd and provided adequate entrepreneurship concept to improve its operations. Launching a new concept by acquiring an existing business of the likes of Woolworths who have already dominated the Australian market require an extensive study of the market. Woolworths are still the dominant company in the Australian market with maximum market share but a continuous drop has put them in a significant defiance from the customers. Loyal ship is no longer a universal concept when it asks customers to make selection on their brand choices to which they have strong faith. Moreover, brands that meet with the customers requirement eventually come out as the dominant character in the market. Increasing customer base of Costco and Aldi in recent time, significantly prove the role of customers requirement in deciding the fate of a brand in th e market. An entrepreneur has all the basic instincts inbuilt in it to take over a brand and then relaunch this in the market with some added features to catch the present trend of the market. Flexibility is the most important key of an entrepreneur, which constructs its story of success in the market. With the help of proper entrepreneur qualities, an individual can provide success towards it business venture and lead to customer satisfaction. References: Arli, V., Dylke, S., Burgess, R., Campus, R. and Soldo, E., 2013. Woolworths Australia and Walmart US: Best practices in supply chain collaboration. Journal of Economics, Business, and Accountancy| Ventura, 16(1), pp.27-46. Bailey, J., Price, R., Pyman, A. and Parker, J., 2015. Union power in retail: contrasting cases in Australia and New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Employment Relations (Online), 40(1), p.1. Bridge, S. and O'Neill, K., 2012.Understanding enterprise: entrepreneurship and small business. Palgrave Macmillan. Budisantoso, T., Wickramasinghe, A. and Teoh, T.T., 2014. Entrepreneurialism in discovering the role of inspiring shopping motivation in Australia and Indonesia. International Journal of Process Management and Benchmarking, 4(3), pp.247-261. Cajaiba-Santana, G., 2014. Social innovation: Moving the field forward. A conceptual framework.Technological Forecasting and Social Change,82, pp.42-51. Carland, J.C., Carland, J.W. and Stewart, W.H., 2015. Seeing what's not there: The enigma of entrepreneurship.Journal of small business strategy,7(1), pp.1-20. Carland, J.W. and Carland, J.C., 2015. A model of potential entrepreneurship: Profiles and educational implications.Journal of Small Business Strategy,8(1), pp.1-14. Drucker, P., 2014.Innovation and entrepreneurship. Routledge. Frese, M. and Gielnik, M.M., 2014. The psychology of entrepreneurship.Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav.,1(1), pp.413-438. Gedajlovic, E., Honig, B., Moore, C.B., Payne, G.T. and Wright, M., 2013. Social capital and entrepreneurship: A schema and research agenda.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,37(3), pp.455-478. Grimes, M.G., McMullen, J.S., Vogus, T.J. and Miller, T.L., 2013. Studying the origins of social entrepreneurship: compassion and the role of embedded agency.Academy of management review,38(3), pp.460-463. Gupta, V.K., Chiles, T.H. and McMullen, J.S., 2016. A process perspective on evaluating and conducting effectual entrepreneurship research.Academy of Management Review,41(3), pp.540-544. Keith, S., 2012. Coles, Woolworths and the local. Locale: The Australasian-Pacific Journal of Regional Food Studies, 2, pp.47-81. Kuratko, D.F., 2016.Entrepreneurship: Theory, process, and practice. Cengage Learning. Mialon, M., Swinburn, B., Allender, S. and Sacks, G., 2016. Systematic examination of publicly-available information reveals the diverse and extensive corporate political activity of the food industry in Australia. BMC public health, 16(1), p.1. Motley Fool Australia. (2016). ALDI is stealing market share from Woolworths Limited. [online] Available at: https://www.fool.com.au/2016/04/15/aldi-is-stealing-market-share-from-woolworths-limited/ [Accessed 31 Dec. 2016]. Putta, S.S., 2014. Improving Entrepreneur's Management Skills through Entrepreneurship Training.Journal of Commerce and Management Thought,5(3), p.459. Smallbusiness.chron.com. (2016). 5 Resources You Need to Succeed to Start a Business. [online] Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/5-resources-need-succeed-start-business-23.html [Accessed 31 Dec. 2016]. Wang, Z., 2015. Supermarkets and gasoline: An empirical study of bundled discounts. Resources for the Future Discussion Paper, pp.15-44. Weaver, K.M., Liguori, E.W., Maurer, J., Bendickson, J. and Gibson, B., 2012, January. What Really Impacts Local Business Climate: Evidence of the Need for Entrepreneurship-Friendly Policy and Entrepreneurial Role Models. InICSB World Conference Proceedings(Vol. 2, No. 1, p. 1). International Council for Small business (ICSB).

Pharmaceutical Industry free essay sample

Pharmaceutical Industry Introduction 1 The pharmaceutical industry entails a team involved in the invention of a drug. The team consists of the drug producers, formulators, promoters and prescribers. (Swayne, Duncan, amp; Ginter, 2011) Since the foundation of the pharmaceutical industry in the 90’s with inventions of Insulin and Penicillin, the purpose of the pharmaceutical companies has been for production of Medicines and medical devices. Ency) The purposes of their product are solely for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases in humans and animals. In this case study, we will describe the pharmaceutical industry and its products, evaluate its market size, and name its major players. We will also talk about the research and development involve in the production of a drug, describe the approval process of a drug and a short summary of our evaluation of the industry. . Medicines have been classified into three different 3 different groups, over the counter drugs, pre scription drugs, and generics. We will write a custom essay sample on Pharmaceutical Industry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Prescription and over the counter medications (OTC) are the most commonly abused substances after alcohol and marijuana in Americans 14 years and older. Although many think that OTC and prescription drugs are safer than illicit drugs, it is only true when there are taken in the prescribed amount and for the right illnesses. Among the commonly abused medications are many prescribed drugs which include Addictive, sedative and antidepressants, and stimulants. National institute of Drug Abuse, 2013) Since some medications have psychoactive and strong sedative complicated effects, The Food and Drug Administration and pharmaceutical companies are collaborating in deciding what medications should be more restricted and require the prescription of a specialist while others can be purchased from over the counter. In determining what medication can be purchased over the counter, the FDA created a list of 80 categories and over 800 ingredients that can be used as OTC treatments without the need for prescription. While medications that did not have these ingredients had to be regulated by the FDA. The FDA then evaluates the safety of the drug for the public before it becomes a prescription drug. Being in the medical field, the term generic is one that I hear very often. So what does it mean for a medication to become generic? When medications are first manufactured, they use the chemical name of the ingredients which they are made off and they are tagged with a patent that last for 20 years, for example Atorvastatin becoming the generic LIPITOR. During the patent period, no competitors are allowed and their prices are significantly higher than it would be as a generic. After the 20 years of being patent expires, the drug becomes generic and it changes its name to the company’s name, and its prices drop while competitors emerge. Take for example in 2002, patented brands averaged up to $75. 82 and generic drugs averaged up to $27. 16. (Swayne, Duncan, amp; Ginter, 2011) Market Size and Major Players The Pharmaceutical industry represents about $0. 5 trillion globally the pharmaceutical company is worth over $300 billion a year and it’s expected to rise to $400 billion within 3 years. With more than 80 percent of the sales in 10 nations, 10 of the largest drug companies control over 1/3rd of the market. 85% of global pharmaceuticals are in North, South America, and Europe. Major countries involved include the U. S, Japan, Switzerland, Germany, Russia, China, South Korea, and Mexico. Six of these markets are based in the U. S and four in Europe. The United States remains the leading market with over 45% of world spending and 2. 1% of its GDP. (WHO, 2013) The major players of the pharmaceutical companies today continue to be those that have been in existence since the 90’s. Pfizer has remained a top player for the past several years. Novartis jumped from the #2 to #3 position due to its Alcon revenues, while Meck jumped from #6 to #3. Below is a list of top pharmaceutical companies based on 2010 revenues in millions; 1. Pfizer $58 2. Novartis $44 3. Merck amp; co $39 4. Sanofi $37 5. GlaxoSmithKline $36 6. AstraZeneca $32 7. Johnson amp; Johnson $22 8. Eli Lilly amp; Co. $21 9. Abbott Laboratories $19 10. Bristol-Myers Squibb $19 (Gill, 2011) Below is a list of the pharmaceutical companies in the USA, based on 2012 revenues in millions; 1. Pfizer $67 . Johnson amp; Johnson $65 3. Merck amp; co $48 4. Abbott Laboratories $38 5. Eli Lilly amp; Co. $24 6. Bristol-Myers Squibb $21 7. Amgen $15 8. Gilead Sciences $8 9. Mylan $6 10. Allergan $5 (Fortune 500, 2012) Globalization is certainly taking a toll in the pharmaceutical companies. Pharmaceutical companies are going global and swooping in to purchase drugs which have passed the early phase of testing in other countries. Take for example a partnership that occurred in the early months of May 2011 between Sanofi Co and Glenmark for the purchase of an anti-inflammatory drug for Crohn’s disease. The pharmaceutical company also paid Glenmark for the same drug to be marketed in other countries such as japan, mexico, china and Uruguay. This step towards globalization will help for better collaboration, sharing of information, better outcomes with research and development investments and in the future better drug pricing. (Sophia, 2011) Furthermore, in a more recent article Merck amp; Co and Pfizer Inc. announced a worldwide collaboration for a development of an ertugliflozin for treatment for type II diabetes. Since they intend on sharing the revenues and costs, this will eventually reduce the amount needed per company on the drug, reduce the cost of marketing, and the worldwide distribution of the drug could help with a reduction in the cost of the drug as per pill. (Wireless news, 2013) Research and Development The role of Research and development is vital in a pharmaceutical company. It is important for the discovery of a new medication, more about diseases, cure, prevention and diagnosis. Without research and development for new drugs in a pharmaceutical company, they will eventually have no revenue. Over the past decades, the number of new drugs that have been approved each year has relatively remained stable of an average rate of 15-25. (Susan, 2012) Most pharmaceutical companies have been known to spend one-third to one-fourth on marketing, which is about twice the amount spend on research and development. Pharmaceutical companies claim research and development is more vital than marketing, but since marketing brings in the finances multiple reviews have shown that more is certainly spent on marketing than on research and development. An independent analysis of these industries revealed that they spend only about 1. 3% of its revenues on research and development (Ramp;D), 4/5th of its research funds for vaccines and new drugs actually comes from public funds. (Susan, 2012) Although some government funds are also given, they are solely for research on diseases and their preventions. Unlike other product manufacturers, one out of every 10,000 discovered compounds actually becomes a drug approved for sale, so there is a huge chance of invested money loss. A lot of the money invested in a drug is in the early phases of the drug, and among the many drugs approved only 1 out of every 3 drugs generates enough revenue to cover the development cost. The average cost of developing a successful drug been estimated to be about $1. 3 billion. (Susan, 2012) Although research and development cost has risen about $34. 2 billion between 1995 and 2010, revenues have risen even faster by $200. 4 billion within the same period. As the cost of research and development remain expensive and stable, and pressures for profit rises, many of the major organizations turned to In-licensing. In-Licensing is a partnership that develops between companies. For example In-Licensing Company specializes in just Ramp;D and they collaborate with larger pharmaceuticals which eventually markets the drug. (Swayne, Duncan, amp; Ginter, 2011) FDA Approval Process The approval process of a drug is a long, expensive, complicated and time consuming process. Most drugs take about 8-10 years for their approval. Drugs go through certain stages of evaluation. Two stages include; Investigational New Drug (IND); they review the process to determine whether the product was suitable for use in clinical trials. New New Drug Application (ND): they review the process to determining the benefit or risk profile of a drug prior to its approval for marketing. The complete process includes pre-clinical research, clinical studies and the NDA reviews. The pre-clinical research consists of synthesis, purification of the drug, and short or long term animal testing. Clinical studies consist of 3 pre-approval stages and one in the post marketing stages. Phase 1 which is the first trial for testing in rural healthy volunteers, this plays a role in testing safety, tolerance and pharmacokinetics. Phase 2 is the first trial on individuals with the disease to be treated, diagnosed or prevented. It is used to determine the efficacy, safety, and dosage regimens. Phase 3 is an expanded clinical trial which gets additional evidence for determining the evidence and specific indications as well as adverse effects. Phase 4 is post marketing studies, it determines the incidence of adverse reactions and serious effects that were not identified in prior phases. After a drug passes all of these stages, it is patented for 20 years from the date of its application. During this period of the drug’s patent and a period of being exclusive, no competitors are allowed to offer their products. When the product becomes generic, competitors goes through the FDA approval process, and are approved only if they are as efficacious as the generic brand. The competitor brand drug goes through all of the process of evaluation, but the generic drug goes through a similar process except instead of animal studies, clinical studies and bioavailability, it only undergoes bio-equivalence and instead of going through NDA requirements it goes through an ANDA requirement. Swayne, Duncan, amp; Ginter, 2011) Conclusion Pfizer one of the top pharmaceutical industries is ranked among the top 50 fortune companies in fortune magazine, without a doubt pharmaceutical companies are among the the top business moguls in the world today. With stabilization in the amount of drugs released yearly and the amount of increase in revenues per drug, and per pharmaceutical compani es, critics question the increase in prescription pills. Between 2002 and 2003, the average cost of brand name drugs protected under the patent rose from $75. 2 to $84. 21, while the generic only rose from $27. 16 to $30. 56. (Swayne, Duncan, amp; Ginter, 2011) The pharmaceutical industry in their defense complains that the research and development cost have risen significantly and they also complains that the cost of development have increased which is also true. Between 1995 and 2010, they have been a rise in $34. 2 billion dollars which pharmaceutical companies complain about, in 1997 the cost of one single drug was $802 million and in 2005 it had increased to $1. billion. Pharmaceutical companies claim the increase in cost is due to the gamble of making a new drug, time in Ramp;D and in the FDA approval’s process. (Johar, 2012) These companies fail to mention that within the same period they have been an even faster rise in revenues by $200. 4 billion. (Susan, 2012) In ac tual fact, the net profit made by pharmaceutical company is higher than profits for all of the fortune 500 companies, it was ranked first for return in revenues in 2005 (Johar, 2012). In other reviews, 9 out of 10 newly approved medications offer only minor variations from older drugs and these drugs have been shown to be very profitable to these industries. With the rising cost of healthcare, increasing premium insurances and increasing co-pay, certainly changes needs to occur in the pharmaceutical industry. Reference Fortune 500 (2013) Top Pharmaceutical Industries. Retrieved from http://money. cnn. com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2012/industries/21/ Gil y. Roth (2011) The Top 20 pharmaceutical companies. Contract Pharma.

Johnny Carson Ancestry and Family Tree

Johnny Carson Ancestry and Family Tree John William Johnny Carson (October 23, 1925 Ââ€" January 23, 2005 was an American actor, comedian and writer best known for his tenure as host of The Tonight Show from 1962 until 1992. Born in Corning, Iowa to Homer Lee Kit Carson (no relation to the famous western hero) and Ruth Hook Carson, Johnny grew up with his parents, older sister, Catherine, and younger brother, Richard (Dick), in Nebraska. Johnny Carson married his college sweetheart Joan Wolcott on October 1, 1949. They had 3 sons. In 1963, Carson divorced Joan and married Joanne Copeland on August 17, 1963. After another divorce, he and former model Joanna Holland were married on September 30, 1972. This time, it was Holland who filed for a divorce in 1983. Johnny then married Alexis Maas on June 20, 1987, a marriage that survived happily until Carsons death in January 2005. Tips for Reading This Family Tree First Generation: 1. John William (Johnny) CARSON was born on 23 Oct 1925 in Corning, Iowa.1 He died of emphysema on 23 Jan 2005 in Malibu, California. Second Generation: 2. Homer Lee (Kit) CARSON2,3 was born on 4 Oct 1899 in Logan, Harrison Co., Iowa.4 He died on 9 Apr 1983 in Paradise Valley, Scottsdale, Arizona.5 Homer Lee (Kit) CARSON and Ruth HOOK were married in 1922.6 3. Ruth HOOK7 was born in Jul 1901 in Jackson Township, Taylor Co., Iowa.8 She died in 1985. Homer Lee (Kit) CARSON and Ruth HOOK had the following children: i. Catherine Jean CARSON was born in Dec 1923 in Hand Hospital, Shenandoah, Iowa.81  Ã‚  ii. John William (Johnny) CARSON.iii. Richard Charles (Dick) CARSON was born on 4 Jun 1929 in Clarinda, Page Co., Iowa.9 Third Generation: 4. Christopher N. (Kit) CARSON2,3,10,11 was born in Jan 1874 in Monona Co., Iowa. Christopher N. (Kit) CARSON and Ella B. HARDY were married on 28 Dec 1898 in Harrison Co., Iowa.12 5. Ella B. HARDY2,3,10,13 was born on 18 Nov 1876 in Magnolia, Jefferson Co., Iowa. She died on 20 Aug 1967. Christopher N. (Kit) CARSON and Ella B. HARDY had the following children: 2 i. Homer Lee (Kit) CARSON.ii. Charles E. CARSON3 was born about 1907 in Logan, Harrison Co., Iowa.iii. Raymond E. CARSON10 was born about 1913 in Logan, Harrison Co., Iowa.iv. Doris A. CARSON10 was born about 1918 in Logan, Harrison Co., Iowa. 6. George William HOOK14 was born on 27 Dec 1870 or 1871 in Lowry, St. Clair Co., Missouri.15 He died of a heart attack on 21 Dec 1947 in Bedford, Taylor Co., Iowa. He is buried in Fairview Bedford Cemetery, Taylor Co., Iowa. George William HOOK and Jessie BOYD were married on 19 Sep 1900.15-17 7. Jessie BOYD6 was born on 6 Jul 1876 in Taylor County, Iowa.16 She died of grief on 20 Jun 1911 in Bedford, Taylor Co., Iowa.16 She is buried in Fairview Bedford Cemetery, Taylor Co., Iowa. George William HOOK and Jessie BOYD had the following children: 3  Ã‚  i. Ruth HOOKii. John W. HOOK6 was born in 1904 in Bedford, Taylor County, Iowa.18 He died of peritonitis in May 1911 in Bedford, Taylor County, Iowa.19iii. Mary HOOK6 was born in Feb 1906 in Taylor County, Iowa.20,21iv. Florence HOOK6 was born in Feb 1910. She died in Feb 1910.22,23v. Jessie Boyd HOOK was born in Jun 1911.24 Fourth Generation: 8. Marshall CARSON11,25-28 was born on 14 Mar 1835 in Maine. He died on 21 May 1922 in Logan, Harrison County, Iowa. He is buried in Logan Cemetery, Harrison County, Iowa. Marshall CARSON and Emeline (Emma) KELLOGG were married on 17 Jul 1870 in Washington County, Nebraska. 9. Emeline (Emma) KELLOGG11,26-28 was born on 18 May 1847 in Fayette, Indiana. She died on 12 Feb 1922 in Harrison County, Iowa. She is buried in Logan Cemetery, Harrison County, Iowa. Marshall CARSON and Emeline (Emma) KELLOGG had the following children: 4  Ã‚  i. Christopher N. (Kit) CARSON.ii. Angie CARSON11 was born about 1875 in Nebraska.iii. Phebe CARSON11 was born about 1877 in Iowa.iv. Amilda CARSON11 was born about 1879 in Iowa.v. Ora CARSON26 was born in Jun 1881 in Harrison Co., Iowa.vi. Edgar M. CARSON26 was born in Feb 1882 in Harrison Co., Iowa.vii. Fred G. CARSON26-28 was born in Jul 1885 in Harrison County, Iowa. He died in 1923 in Harrison Co., Iowa.viii. Herbert E. CARSON26,27,29 was born in Dec 1890 in Harrison Co., Iowa. 10. Samuel Tomlinson HARDY10,13,30,31 was born on 1 May 1848 in Angola, Steuben Co., Indiana. He died on 21 Jul 1933 in at the home of his daughter, Mrs. C. N. Carson in Logan, Harrison Co., Iowa. Samuel Tomlinson HARDY and Viola Millicent VINCENT were married on 30 Jun 1872 in Iowa. 11. Viola Millicent VINCENT13,30,32 was born on 2 Apr 1855. She died on 3 May 1935 in Harrison Co., Iowa. Samuel Tomlinson HARDY and Viola Millicent VINCENT had the following children: i. Loyd HARDY13 was born about 1866 in Iowa.ii. Louis HARDY13 was born about 1870 in Iowa.5 iii. Ella B. HARDY.iv. Delaven H. HARDY13,30 was born in Aug 1879 in Iowa.30v. Bruce L. HARDY30 was born in Sep 1881 in Iowa.30vi. Gladys HARDY30 was born in Oct 1896 in Iowa.30

Educational vs. Educative

Educational vs. Educative Educational vs. Educative Educational vs. Educative By Maeve Maddox A reader asks, Is there any difference between the adjectives educational and educative? I’m beginning to see the latter in contexts where I’d expect the former. My first response to the question was that educative is simply a less familiar word for educational. Both the OED and Merriam-Webster indicate that this is so: OED educational adjective: 1. Of or relating to the provision of education; educational. 2. Serving or intended to educate or enlighten; educational. M-W educational adjective: 1. having to do with education; educational. 2. tending to educate; instructive. However, when I explored uses of educative on the Web, I began to sense that the word might have acquired a meaning other than educational. Here are some examples: A Values-Engaged, Educative Approach for Evaluating Education Programs An Educative Approach to Behavior Problems: A Practical Decision Model for Interventions With Severely Handicapped Learners   A humanistic-educative approach to evaluation in nursing education A textbook publisher explains its use of educative this way: Curriculum materials for Grades K–12 that are intended to promote teacher learning in addition to student learning have come to be called  educative curriculum materials. Although my Oxford Thesaurus gives instructive and educational as synonyms of informative, the writer of an academic paper with the title â€Å"Can and Should Educational Research be Educative?† offers to prove that â€Å"research cannot be educative, only informative.† In some contexts, educative is paired with holistic or pragmatic, as in this chapter title: Ethics and ethical theory in educative leadership: A pragmatic and holistic approach. The effect of pairing educative with pragmatic or holistic is to suggest that educative is â€Å"practical and wide-ranging†- as opposed to educational, which implies â€Å"theoretical, impractical, and narrow.† As far as I can make out, the use of educative is closely tied to what educators now refer to as â€Å"action research.† Back in my days as a classroom teacher, when large numbers of my students failed a test, I would analyze their papers and revise my lessons in an effort to get better results next time. That, apparently, was a form of â€Å"action research.† What I learned by examining my unsuccessful practice for the purpose of improving my methods was educative, as opposed to merely educational or informative. I conclude that the new meaning of educative is â€Å"of educational value to the person or persons doing a systematic study of their work methods with the intention of getting better results.† Both Google and Word view the word educative with suspicion, sometimes underlining it in red or green. When your intended meaning is instructive or â€Å"relating to education,† go with educational. Leave educative to speakers of Educationese. Here are some synonyms of educational as in â€Å"an educational experience†: instructive, informative illuminating enlightening edifying Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Creative Writing 101Hang, Hung, Hanged20 Tips to Improve your Writing Productivity

Business - ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business - ethics - Essay Example this was dishonest, Frank replied that each firm had told him to submit his expenses and that therefore he was not taking something to which he had no right. One firm had not asked for receipts, so he determined it was making him a gift of the money. The problem is that Frank is committing fraud by telling the companies that he has expenses of $1000 because whenever his expenses have been paid by either company, the other company has no obligation to pay for expenses that do not exist. 3) Frank Waldron could return half of each companys money, telling the companies he intentionally requested payment from both companies and accept one the offers that have already been extended, thus discontinuing this fraudulent practice. Solution 1. The solution impacts Frank Waldron directly as he would likely become unable to secure a job due to his fraud. Next the Eastern State University placement office would be affected as their reputation with the companies would be tarnished since the fraud was perpetrated under their noses. Finally the companies are affected and would implement ways to prevent this from happening again thus putting red tape up for every new interviewee who might have legitimate

Elements of genre Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Elements of genre - Essay Example history of The Religious Freedom Restoration Act in the US since 1995, pointing out all the flaws in the process involving its implementation and practice over time. The author also explains how discriminatory the bill is. Considering that discrimination is unconstitutional, most patriotic readers will be convinced about the unconstitutionality of the Act. The author should have also given the audience a positive side of the Act, instead of banking on the negatives only. This writing argues for The Religious Freedom Restoration Act, citing its role of balancing the interests of people, as well protecting the religious commitments of various people in the United States. The writing taps into the audience’s values and emotions through its emphasis on diversity. The author believes in diversity, hence justifies exemptions on the basis of religion. The author of this article persuades his audience by pointing out the influence this Act has employers, employees, insurance companies, non-profits, and government. Form this, a reader can evaluate how the Act promotes diversity basing on its influence on different groups of people and bodies. The author is also realistic in his evaluation of the Act. He acknowledges the fact that the Act has not received full support, as it faces opposition from different parties. He also recognizes that the Act is quite complex, though it remains relevant. In order to make this writing better, the author should have considered enhancing the simplicity and clarity of the article. This could have been for instance, through mentioning directly how the Act promotes people’s religious commitments. The author has presented his argument in a way that the reader has to demystify the relationship between the Act and its promotion of the religious commitments of different people in America. The major argument is that The Religious Freedom Restoration Act is bad, as it predisposes religious people to considerable financial dependency on the

The American Dream Essay Example for Free

The American Dream Essay Everyone has there own dream. Many just see it as just being happy. To others it may be becoming rich and having the perfect family. In life many people wonder how far would you go for you would go to obtain the american dream. How far would you go? The American Dream to me is having equal opportunity, to live without any worries, and doing the things in life that you love the most. Most would do all they can in power to make sure they come close to the American Dream. According to John Fitzgerald Kennedy â€Å" All of us do not have equal talents . But all of us should have an equal opportunity to develop our talents. † Kennedy was basically saying that we might not all have been create equally with the same gifts and talents. Are all of us created equally? Lots of the time we don’t treat each other as if we are all equal. Americans put each other in ranks call social classes. If we had a life without social classes everyone would be the same thing. No one would have to worry about having more power over one another. In the Declaration it quotes â€Å" All mean are created equal† (Jefferson 98) That means that every person is entitled to do anything that the most wealthy man does. For an example a restaurant can’t refuse to serve someone just because of their religion. In America the Declaration makes us equal. No one can take away your rights. We create each others equality. In the text â€Å"I Will Fight No More Forever† the native americans were driven out of their own land. ( Chief Joseph 455) There was no equality present. The Natives tried to fight for their rights to stay but they didn’t stand a chance. The American dream is having equal rights, and feeling as if you are wanted or equal. Everyone wants to be excepted by people and to be treated right. To feel as if you are a equal , what would you do? Many immigrants live in the US looking for equal opportunity. They are happier here because had more opportunity. There are many people who came from different countries to the United States and became very successful . Just like Justin Bieber, a Canadian , he became one of the most famous pop singers in the US. But some people aren’t really here legally . Is it alright to live in the US illegally with good intentions? How far would you go? Would you marry a legal person to get your green card? Would you have a baby just so you can stay in the country? I do think it is okay to break the law if it is absolutely necessary. It does say in the constitution that every person in the US are made equal. So everyone are equal legal or not. The American Dream is feeling as if you are equal , and the US makes everyone here feel that way. Every human deserves equal opportunity. Have you ever thought about life without worries? Just think about , no stress, no coercion. The most successful people live life without worry. Take Wiz Khalifa as an example. A rapper that sends out a message to relax , and let things flow. He never really worried about his career. By living in a nonchalant manner Wiz became one of the top rappers in the US. In many of his interviews he made it clear that what ever happens in life just happens; whether it’s good or bad. If it’s bad you just let it be, just know it could always be worse. As he quoted â€Å" Good things come in good time†. When he says that he’s saying that just be patient. Don’t get upset and worked up. Everyone has their time to shine. A life without worries or the American Dream, can be reached in many way. But how far would you go to have a stress free life. In the Incidents in the Life Slave Girl , the main character Linda runs away in hope that one day her and her children would live a life without strive. Her grandmother patiently waited; she saved up money for each child to buy them. They wanted to be free , so they could live without worrying about being beaten, sold to someone else, or having their family be split up. The American Dream would be secure when Linda and her family are out of slavery. (Jacobs 406) When people picture themselves experiencing The American Dream, they picture themselves doing something they love. As you go through life teachers, parents, and friends install the idea that, when you grow up you should get a job that you love and that your happy doing. According to Militants are living the American Dream. They are getting paid to do jobs that they love and are gifted at. Nurses in particular. They love helping people. They took advantage of the free chance to get paid and work for the country. They also get plenty of benefits. Thats the best part about it. Waking up every morning knowing that your about to being a day that only good can come out of. According to Al Lopez â€Å"Do what you love to do and give your very best. Whether it’s business or baseball, or theater, or any field. If you don’t love what you’re doing and you can’t give it your best,get out of it. Life is too short. You’ll be an old man before you know it†. If you wake up one day wanting to start a job that would make you happy, how far would you go to try and obtain that profession. Would you lie about being certified or having a certain degree? Many systems in the US don’t do background checks on their employees. They just automatically trust and believe that all the information that has been summited is verifiable. People lie everyday to get a job that they know they would be happy in but aren’t willing to put in the work to go to school and get the proper transactions made. Does it matter if your lying on your resumes when your applying for a low ranked job? If your dream job is just working at a window for McDonalds , and you say that you have work experience elsewhere when you really don’t ; is that alright? Celebrity Robert Irvine who is a famous chef lied about designing Prince Charles and Princess Diana’s wedding cake. He was fired from his own show when it was uncovered. Is it worth going that far and risking everything. People would go to far measures to do the things that make them happy in life. Just like in Mark Twains â€Å" The Lowest Animal† it says that they would do whatever they have to do to insure their own happiness. ( Twain 468) When you have come to the climax in our life where you know you love what you are doing and your happy, most people would do whatever it takes to excel in that category. In conclusion The American Dream is living life without worries, having equal opportunity, and doing the things in life that make you happy. It doesn’t matter if you want a equal chance in society , be able to provide for your family, or have a job in a career that you love and can excel in at a blistering rate. The American Dream is obtainable for everyone; it just didn’t happen to Justin Bieber or Wiz Khalifa. The worked for what they got. Like Wiz said everyone has their chance to shine. Sometimes you might have to just sit and wait, in other cases you have to put all you’ve got into being successful. People in America today are relentless . They would do whatever they have to do to be noticed. They lie on resumes to get certain perks. It might not be as serious as lying about designing a wedding cake, but they would go to the ends of the world to make themselves happy. The American Dream is riveting, exciting , and intriguing.

Racism - After The Civil War Essay -- essays research papers

The conclusion of the Civil War in favor of the north was supposed to mean an end to slavery and equal rights for the former slaves. Although laws and amendments were passed to uphold this assumption, the United States Government fell short. The thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth amendments were proposed and passed within five years of the Civil War’s conclusion. These amendments were to create equality throughout the United States, especially in the south where slavery had been most abundant. Making equality a realization would not be an easy task. This is because many problems were not perceived before and during the war. The reunification of the country would prove to be harder than expected, and entry into a new lifestyle would be difficult for both the freedmen and their former oppressors. The thirteenth amendment clearly prohibits slavery in the United States. All slaves were to be freed immediately when this amendment was declared ratified in December of 1865, but wh at were they to do? Generations of African-Americans had been enslaved in America, and those who had lived their whole lives in slavery had little knowledge of the outside world. This lack of knowledge would not be helpful in trying to find work once they were released. Plantation owners with a lack of workforce were eager to offer extremely low pay to their former slaves. In addition, the work force of the plantation would often live in the same quarters they did while enslaved. These living condition...

Reflections Theory

Reflections theory Introduction In this report I will be comparing two reflective theories, outlining their similarities and differences. I will be choosing the one I believe to be the best in my opinion. This will be the one I will be using in my end of year reflective account. The two reflective theories I will be looking at are, Johns Model of Structured Reflection and Gibbs’s Reflective Cycle. Theories There are two main differences between the two theories. Johns uses a linear structure, with a beginning and an end.However, Gibbs uses a more cyclic structure and has no defined beginning or end. John’s theory is also mainly aimed towards health care and talks about working with patients and their families. Gibbs on the other hand can be aimed more towards students and their experiences. Johns uses the 2 main headings: Looking in and looking out. Under Looking in there are 5 Sub-Headings: Aesthetics, Personal, Ethics, Empirics and Reflexivity. Johns for the most part requires the need to work with a supervisor and as such he calls this a guided reflection.It requires you to write a description of the experience before you begin the reflection, once you have done this it requires you to follow the questions as they come up. One of the advantage of Johns reflective model is that there is a clear Beginning and an end meaning the person looking back on their experience has a clear outline on where to begin and the process used in the reflection. However the issue with the reflexive pattern of knowing is that it will only be relevant for a situation that has been resolved.If your were trying to analyze a situation that’s was ongoing you would have to incorporate parts of another reflective model to help you. With Johns model of structured reflection you would not have to use all the questions within the model, but you could also use the questions a number of times if appropriate. Gibbs Reflective Model is easier to be used by students as it t alks about getting a clear understanding the situations. It uses the six main Headings: Description, Feelings, Evaluation, Analysis, Conclusion and Action Plan.It uses these heading to gain a clear understanding of what went on, what was the experience like for the person, how they interpreted the situation, what they could have done and what they would do again if the situation arose again. Because there is no defined structure and no definite beginning or end, there is the advantage that if the person going through the reflection of their experience and they look back on it they can add more information to each section as and when they think of it, so they can go back or forward to one of the headings and add in the information into the specific field.For example if they feel they need to talk about their feeling first they can do that or if they feel they need to evaluate the situation or talk about what they would do again, and add their input to it, as they can go through the c ycle as many times as they need to get all the information down. Gibbs also talks about what would we do different if the situation arose again. They both put great emphasis on the feelings and the emotions of the person throughout the reflection process. They both talk about what happened and try to make sense of the situation. They both also talk about ConclusionTo conclude the theory that I will be choosing for my reflective practice at the end of year is, Gibbs Reflective Cycle. I have chosen this reflective model for a number of reasons. I believe that Gibbs reflective cycle is more aimed towards Student whereas Johns is aimed more towards health care and talks about working with patients and their families. Gibbs reflective model is also easier to interpret and I believe it to be easier to use to analyze any given situation with the main headings it uses to gain information about the situation the feelings of the person and the experience the person underwent during any given situation.I believe it is easier to follow than Johns model of structured reflection. Gibbs reflective cycle does not require the need of a supervisor to aid the reflection whereas; John’s model talks about have one present to go through the reflection process. I will be using Gibbs Reflective cycle as I feel that it is more relevant to myself and it is clearer to follow and would be easier to use for my reflection process. References (2012) REFLECTION.Available: http://moodle. bcu. ac. uk/tee/pluginfile. php/116376/mod_resource/content/0/reflective_models. pdf. Last accessed 15th Dec 2012. (2012) About Johns’ model of structured reflection. Available: http://www. brookes. ac. uk/services/upgrade/a-z/reflective_johns. html. Last accessed 16th Dec 2012. (2012) About Gibbs reflective cycle. Available: http://www. brookes. ac. uk/services/upgrade/a-z/reflective_gibbs. html. Last accessed 16th Dec 2012.

An Explication of Beowulf’s Monologue About His Past

Katie Taylor EH 215 Volf 4 February 2013 Beowulf’s Past Beowulf is an epic poem that is filled with episodes and digressions that provide a better understanding of the poem as a whole. In one of the episodes, Beowulf speaks of his past, and the reader can learn about his upbringing as a child and how it has affected him as an adult. This monologue also gives some information about King Hrethel and his sons. The main purpose of this anecdote, however, is to describe how and when Beowulf began his career of combat and fame.Within Beowulf’s monologue, the author utilizes alliterations and kenning to help the poem flow and to emphasize the strength and valor of Beowulf as an epic hero. One such example is the kenning used at the beginning of the episode. It reads, â€Å"Beowulf, son of Ecgtheow, spoke†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2425). Instead of the phrasing reading â€Å"Beowulf spoke,† this phrase adds vigor to the beginning. It reinforces the idea that Beowulf is seen as an extremely powerful hero that can take on anything that comes his way as opposed to â€Å"just Beowulf. If â€Å"son of Ecgtheow† were not used, Beowulf would seem almost boring compared to the magnificent, heroic image that comes to mind when this phrase is employed. Alliteration is also used to allow the poem to flow and also to provide an interesting element to otherwise bland sentences. â€Å"While I was in his ward he treated me no worse as a wean†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is referring to King Hrethel’s â€Å"adoption† of Beowulf after his father died (2432).The repetition of the W sound allows easy movement through the story that Beowulf tells, and it keeps the reader interested in what is being said. Another example of alliteration is the lines 2479-2480: â€Å"My own kith and kin avenged these evil events, as everybody knows†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Without any sound repetition, the reader would become bored with the story, but the author strategically places these examples of alliteration in the epic to provide more exciting details. Along with these rhetorical devices, this passage gives significant details bout Beowulf’s upbringing. The reader learns that Beowulf’s father Ecgtheow dies when Beowulf is only seven years old. King Hrethel takes him in, though, and treats him like one of his own sons. Later, the king’s oldest son Herebeald is accidentally killed by his younger brother Haethcyn. King Hrethel is so depressed that he lay down and dies from grief. Afterward, there is a battle between the Swedes and the Geats, in which Hrethel’s son Haethcyn, the new king, is killed in battle.Hygelac, the last son of Hrethel and now the new king of the Geats, gave Beowulf treasure and land for fighting alongside them. This battle seems to be one of the first that Beowulf participated in. He says, â€Å"I marched ahead of him [Hygelac], always there at the front of the line; and I shall fight like that for as long as I live†¦ † (2497-2499). After that first battle, Beowulf launched himself into a life of war and fame, constantly craving the recognition and treasures that came after a successful battle or killing.Beowulf’s monologue about his past allows readers into his mind so that they can understand why he fights the way he does and where he came from in the first place. Without this episode, the poem as a whole would suffer because there would be no back story to explain Beowulf’s desire to defeat monsters and achieve the fame that he thinks he deserves. Perhaps he is making up for the fact that his father died when he was so young: he is trying to live a life that would make his father proud that Beowulf was his son.

s Contradictions

The Washington Times March 26, 2004 â€Å"Clarke’s contradictions† This article seems to show all of the faults with Mr. Clarke’s assertions about the war in Iraq and the presidents priorities when it comes to the war on terrorism. The article reported that â€Å"under softball questioning from a Democratic member of the September 11 panel, former Rep. Tim Roemer, Mr. Clarke asserted that there was â€Å"no higher† priority than fighting terrorism under former President Clinton, but that the Bush administration â€Å"either didn’t believe me that there was an urgent problem or was unprepared to act as though there were an urgent problem.† The article seems to be in favor of the current presidential administration and want to show the inaccuracy in Mr. Clarke’s opinions and testimony. The New York Times March 26, 2004 â€Å"The Wrong War† by Robert Herbert. This article claims Mr. Clarke is consistently right on the facts. Mr. Clarke claimed the President wanted a war with Iraq, he wrote in his book â€Å"Against All Enemies† that despite clear evidence the attack had been the work of Osama bin Laden and the Al Qaeda, that administration officials focused almost immediately on the object of their obsession, Iraq. Mr. Clarke told 60 minutes that â€Å"a war under these circumstances was comparable to President Roosevelt, after Pearl Harbor, deciding to go to war with Mexico instead of going to war with Japan.† I have learned through this class that if want the whole story on anything to do with our nations leadership or the way the country is being ran you should read at least 2 different news papers a day and still hold on to your skepticisms.... 's Contradictions Free Essays on Clarke\'s Contradictions The Washington Times March 26, 2004 â€Å"Clarke’s contradictions† This article seems to show all of the faults with Mr. Clarke’s assertions about the war in Iraq and the presidents priorities when it comes to the war on terrorism. The article reported that â€Å"under softball questioning from a Democratic member of the September 11 panel, former Rep. Tim Roemer, Mr. Clarke asserted that there was â€Å"no higher† priority than fighting terrorism under former President Clinton, but that the Bush administration â€Å"either didn’t believe me that there was an urgent problem or was unprepared to act as though there were an urgent problem.† The article seems to be in favor of the current presidential administration and want to show the inaccuracy in Mr. Clarke’s opinions and testimony. The New York Times March 26, 2004 â€Å"The Wrong War† by Robert Herbert. This article claims Mr. Clarke is consistently right on the facts. Mr. Clarke claimed the President wanted a war with Iraq, he wrote in his book â€Å"Against All Enemies† that despite clear evidence the attack had been the work of Osama bin Laden and the Al Qaeda, that administration officials focused almost immediately on the object of their obsession, Iraq. Mr. Clarke told 60 minutes that â€Å"a war under these circumstances was comparable to President Roosevelt, after Pearl Harbor, deciding to go to war with Mexico instead of going to war with Japan.† I have learned through this class that if want the whole story on anything to do with our nations leadership or the way the country is being ran you should read at least 2 different news papers a day and still hold on to your skepticisms....

Recipe to Make Your Own Natural Insect Repellent

Recipe to Make Your Own Natural Insect Repellent You can make natural insect repellent yourself. The insect repellent is safe and effective, plus it costs much less to make it than to buy it. Natural Insect Repellent Safety There are a few different formulations you can make for your natural insect repellent. These repellents involve diluting essential oils that the insects find distasteful or which confuses them. The oils dont mix with water, so youll need to add them to other oils or to alcohol. Its important to use an oil or alcohol that is safe for your skin. Also, dont go overboard with the essential oils. The oils are potent and could cause skin irritation or another reaction if you use too much. If you are pregnant or nursing, do not apply an insect repellent, natural or otherwise, until after youve gotten it cleared by your physician. Natural Insect Repellent Ingredients Different insects are repelled by different chemicals, so youll get a more effective repellent if you combine a few different insect-repelling natural oils. If you are making large amounts of insect repellent, a good rule of thumb is to mix the repellent so its 5-10% essential oil, so mix 1 part essential oil with 10-20 parts carrier oil or alcohol. For a smaller batch use: 10 to 25 drops (total) of essential oils2 tablespoons of a carrier oil or alcohol The essential oils that work well against biting insects (mosquitoes, flies, ticks, fleas) are: cinnamon oil (mosquitoes)lemon eucalyptus or regular eucalyptus oil (mosquitoes, ticks, and lice)citronella oil (mosquitoes and biting flies)castor oil (mosquitoes)orange oil (fleas)rose geranium (ticks and lice) Safe carrier oils and alcohols include: olive oilsunflower oilany other cooking oilwitch hazelvodka Natural Insect Repellent Recipe Mix the essential oil with the carrier oil or alcohol. Rub or spray the natural insect repellent onto skin or clothing, using care to avoid the sensitive eye area. Youll need to re-apply the natural product after about an hour or after swimming or exercise. Unused natural insect repellent may be stored in a dark bottle, away from heat or sunlight. If you wish, you may combine the oil with aloe vera gel to change the consistency of the product.

Strategic management in action Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic management in action - Essay Example The successful implementation of the structure has made Google become a case study for other companies that once dominated the technology industry such as IBM and General Electric (Peng et al, 2007). The Silicon Valley-based Information Technology uses the laissez-faire management structure. The laissez-faire management style gives employees freedom to undertake their tasks without severe control from the management. Employees are given an opportunity to manage themselves without reporting to their seniors as is the case for many well-established organizations. Such working environment encourages employees to implement their ideas and apply their skills and talents in coming up with creative products and services (Porter, 2008). In Google, the management is less structured compared to other blue chip companies. With the less structuring, it is easier to control the workflow and the quality of work being undertaken. Interestingly, the ratio of employees to managers is 1:20.The ratio is less compared to other well-established companies. The fewer ratios allow engineers of the company to work with manageable teams. With a small and manageable team, work efficiency is enhanced something that leads to quality work (Taylor et al., 2008). Google uses a very competitive hiring process that only attracts to notch candidates in various fields. For instance, the company only employs engineers from reputable institutions. In addition, the engineers must have attained remarkable achievements in the education. Furthermore, the engineers are taken through a vigorous interview process as to identify the best-suited candidates. The competitive hiring process has enabled the company attract the best talents in the technology industry. Also, the employees are given attractive salary packages in a bid to retain them. The strategy is also useful in ensuring that Google does not lose its talented

Quantitative data analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Quantitative data analysis - Assignment Example we also have 44 people in the 2 (v26) (N) and on average, they have 68 V01 with standard deviation of 28.175 v01.the last column shows the two groups Std error mean. Basing on table 2, the p value of Levenes test is .185.In this case, this p value is greater than 0.05 the alpha. Therefore, we will have to use the middle row of the output (‘labeled Equal variances assumed.’).So we will have to assume that the variances are equal and we need to use the middle row of the output. The labeled column ‘‘t’’, provides a calculated t value. In this case the t value is -3.961 assuming equal variance (the sign is ignored for two tailed t test). The labeled column df provides the degree of freedom related with the test. In this case we have 106 degrees of freedom. The labeled column sig (2 –tailed) provides p value related to the t test. In this case, the p value 0.185. The sixth step is to decide if we have to reject the null hypothesis. In this case: If p ≠¤ ÃŽ ± , then reject H0.Therefore,0.185 is not equal or less than 0.05.so we fail to reject the null hypothesis. This means that we failed to observe a difference in the attitude to catalogue shopping between men and women. As shown in table 3, for each dependent variable, the output shows the sample size, minimum, maximum standard deviation, standard error and confidence interval for every independent variable level (quasi) In this case, the p value of 0.520 is greater than the 0.05; we fail to reject the null hypothesis. This means that there is limited evidence that the variances aren’t equal as well as the variance assumption homogeneity may fit. The 2 is the between groups degrees of freedom, 105 is within groups degrees of freedom,0.723 is the F ratio from the F column,0.487 is the p value and 986.098 is within groups mean square estimate of

EDU 636 DB 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

EDU 636 DB 3 - Essay Example The biggest advantage of e-learning is that the person who is receiving the training can schedule the classes according to the student’s schedule. An e-learning classroom is self-paced, and the student does not need to turn in assignments according to a schedule, (N. A., N. D.). There are also many disadvantages to an e-learning environment. One of the biggest disadvantages is that students who are not motivated will not complete the course on time, and students often a feel isolated because there is not traditional and unique learning experience, (N. A., N. D.). Students who begin to feel isolated at the lack of intercommunication with the learning environment may become lonely, and begin to fall behind because the student became unmotivated to complete assignments on time. Computer-based training is a way for students to earn a college degree while online. Just like e-learning computer-based training has many advantages, and disadvantages. Some of the advantages, and disadva ntages of a computer-based training program can be similar to the advantages and disadvantages of e-learning. The biggest advantage of computer-based training is the lower costs involved for students when students enroll in a computer-based training course. Also, assignments and classes can be scheduled around the students person schedule. However, assignments usually have a deadline.

Impacts Of Mass Tourism On Ecotourism Sites Tourism Essay

Impacts Of Mass Tourism On Ecotourism Sites Tourism Essay This essay will mainly deal with the social, economic and environmental impacts of mass tourism on ecotourism taking into consideration that ecotourism can be seen as a form of mass tourism (As Weaver (2001: 112) says, ecotourism can be and usually is a variant of mass tourism.). It will begin by examining ecotourism looking at what ecotourism is and some examples of ecotourism sites such as Couran Cove Island Resort and Boondall Wetlands Reserve in Queensland, Australia. It will then move onto mass tourism again looking at what defines mass tourism and looking into areas that are considered to be mass tourism sites such as Benidorm and Mallorca in Spain. This will then move onto the impacts of mass tourism on ecotourism taking into account the social, economic and environmental impacts, drawing examples from the case studies above in Spain and Australia. Then it will briefly examine ecotourism as a form of mass tourism as stated by Weaver (2001). The most common definition of ecotourism is that it is a nature-based tourism and a form of sustainable tourism ecologically, socio-culturally and economically (Font Buckley, 2001: 32; Weaver, 2001: 105; Lim McAleer, 2005: 1431) and also as Ceballos-Lascurà ¡in 1996 (cited in Scheyvens 2002: 71) says Ecotourism is environmentally responsible, enlightening travel and visitation to relatively undisturbed natural areas in order to enjoy and appreciate nature (and any accompanying cultural features both past and present) that promotes conservation, has low visitor impact, and provides for beneficially active socio-economic involvement of local populations. The International Ecotourism Society has six main principles for ecotourists (this is the term this essay will use for tourists visiting ecotourism sites throughout the essay). These include: Minimizing impact on the environment Gain environmental and cultural awareness of the site to help respect and conserve the site. Provide positive experiences for both visitors and hosts. Provide direct financial benefits for conservation. Provide economic benefits to the host locals. Raise sensitivity to host countries political, environmental and social climate. (The International Ecotourism Society, 2010) Ecotourism can be divided into hard and soft-ecotourism. Hard ecotourism generally does not impact as much negatively on the environment as it tends to deal with tourists who are aware of the importance of sustainability, visits tend to be prolonged visits so the tourists actively engage in conserving the environment and respect the environment in which they are visiting (Weaver Lawton, 2002: 362). According to the International Ecotourism Society (2006: 4), In Europe: 20%-30% of travelers are aware of needs values of sustainable tourism. 10%-20% of travelers look for green options. 5%-10% of travelers demand green holidays. Soft ecotourism, which is the type of ecotourism that is most associated with mass tourism, is when tourists have a level of understanding of sustainability but are not as committed to actively participating in being sustainable and so do not respect the area they are visiting as much (Weaver Lawton, 2002: 363). Visits tend to be once-off day trips resulting in groups of people arriving by bus, which could happen a few times a day. These short term visits could potentially be more harmful, as the tourists may not have as much of an awareness or interest in protecting the environment they are visiting and may not be as careful as they should be they could cause physical damage, by stepping on plant species, which could in turn reduce biodiversity, which is harmful to an ecosystem. In the case of Queensland, Australia, it could be argued that it is a soft-ecotourism site, taking a figure from Lim and McAleer (2005: 1433) seen below, overnight visitors have fluctuated between 1995 an d 2000 however, in the case of intra and interstate visitors they have increased since 1995. The fact that the figure deals with overnight visitors, could be seen as a short-term stay, which coincides with soft ecotourism activity. Figure 1: Visitor arrivals in Queensland. (Source: Ibid: 1433) Examples of ecotourism sites include Couran Cove Island Resort, Boondall Wetlands Reserve Australia and the Great Barrier Reef, in Australia. Mass tourism can be defined as a quantitative notion, based on the proportion of the volume of the population participating in tourism or on the volume of tourist activity Burkart Medlik 1974 (cited in Bramwell, 2004: 7). Coming into the notion of mass tourism is the concept of the 3Ss Sun, Sea and Sand holidays. Spain became the most popular area for tourism by the 1990s there was a need to develop new products and promote new destinations (DeCleir, 2010). Mass tourism can also be associated with winter sports taking the Alps for example, which will be discussed later on in the essay. Mass tourism can tend to increase the pressure on the environment due to the large tourist volumes, which is not unlike soft ecotourism. Examples of areas that experience mass tourism are Benidorm and Mallorca in Spain and the winter sports in the Alps. Benidorm, a fishing village in Spain, so it could be deemed an ecotourism site, has seen considerable mass tourism effects The demands of mass tou rism have turned this place into a monster of an urban resort with high rise hotels, a shopping mall, bars (Schindler and Mindjov, p.1). Mass tourism can be seen to have an impact on ecotourism sites also. The three main areas where mass tourism has an effect on ecotourism are socially, economically and environmentally. Firstly, this essay will examine the economic impacts of mass tourism on ecotourism sites drawing examples from Spain. As can be seen from Table 1, tourism contributions to Spains Gross Domestic Product has increased significantly from 2000 to 2007, increasing by à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬38,995 in seven years. Table 1: Tourism Contribution to Spanish GDP. (Source: Spanish Statistics Institute, Tourism Satellite Account of Spain (cited in Spanish Tourism in Figures 2009: 8). Tourism is an economic generator, not only do the host destination benefit from the amount of money coming in from the tourists but also, the fact that the site is a tourist site, creates employment in the area. As Lim and McAleer (2005: 1432) says, For many countries and regions, tourism represents one of the few opportunities for local development, employment and revenue generation. However, regions can develop an over-dependency on tourism in relation to GDP. Taking the Maldives for example, 80% of their GDP comes from tourism (DeClair, 2010). This over-dependence on tourism can result in the tourism industry in the region declining. Another impact of mass tourism is environmental. Environmental impacts include: sustainability preservation and conservation, physical damage which can result in a reduction of biodiversity and visual impact, and pollution. Taking the effect winter sports in the Alps as mentioned earlier, as an example The Alps could be considered to be an ecotourism site as it is a natural area, however it could be argued that it has not really been very beneficial at having a low impact on its environment through extensive tourism mass tourism. The winter sports that take place on the Alps have done a lot of damage to the mountains in terms of loss of biodiversity. For example, there have been reports that the black grouse population has declined and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has suggested that this decline is linked to the spread of winter sports (Patthey et al., 2008: 2). In the Couran Cove Island Resort, they have measures in place to protect their environ ment from tourists, for example, they have put into place a re-vegetation and rehabilitation program which they hope will help conserve existing vegetation and integrated within this program they hope to provide education to the local community about the fragile ecosystem (Lim and McAleer, 2005: 1433). They have also built eco-cabins that are built on stumps, the idea being that the surrounding environment can be left undisturbed and yet the tourists can still see the habitats in their natural environment (ibid: 1434). Mass tourism can cause congestion in an ecotourism site during peak seasons this could result in pollution of an area and visual degradation. In the case of the economic and environmental, these two impacts can be linked together. If a ecotourism site is getting a lot of tourists, then they are taking in revenue. The more money generated from tourism, the more the money that can go back into the conservation and preservation the sustainability of the area. In the case of social impacts on a site, as Hall and Lew (2009: 180) say, the development of the tourism industry can contribute broadly to changes in the quality of life, social structure and social organization of destination communities. These social impacts can be both positive and negative. Generally, however, the host residents are prepared to put up with the negative impacts as the positive ones are so desirable (DeCleir, 2010). Employment, although mainly an economic impact, can also be a social impact. With employment, comes the need for education and upskilling, which can be seen as a personal social benefit. When a person has a job, they are getting a regular income and so will feel safer in knowing that they can meet their basic needs (Hall and Lew, 2009: 180). In addition to this, when people have more money, they can go out and socialise with their friends or meet new people. Acculturation (when two cultures are in contact over a long period of time, there is a danger o f them becoming similar (DeCleir, 2010)), can become a problem in a tourist area, which could eventually lead to the loss of an original culture of the area. This can lead to a reduction in diversity the loss of cultural identity can affect host destinations local people, especially the elderly, as they may lose the traditional ways of life that they grew up with, which could affect their sense of security in where they live. According to Weaver (2001:104) ecotourism as both a reality and an ideal can logically be conceived as a form of mass tourism Although mass tourism can have an effect on ecotourism, ecotourism can be seen as a form of mass tourism. Soft ecotourism in particular is more often associated with mass tourism as shorter, more intensive trips are considered more damaging than longer trips as, as said at the beginning of this essay, visits tend to be once off day-trips, with loaded tour buses arriving with groups of people to visit a site all in one day; whereas with longer trips, the tourists are less likely to stay or impact upon a site all day continuously. Mass tourism can have both positive and negative effects on ecotourism sites. Positive impacts include, an increase in popularity of a site which will lead to more revenue being created which can in turn be reinvested back into the conservation of the site. Negative impacts of mass tourism tend to outweigh the positive impacts; some negative impacts include, physical impact the damage that can be done to the site, its attractiveness and reduction of biodiversity, for example, the winter sports in the Alps increased congestion during peak seasons and seasonality for example, in Greece, most hotels are closed for six months of the year (DeCleir, 2010). All of the above effects can be separated into three categories of impacts social, economic and environmental, which have all been dealt with in this essay.